Some Cardio tonic Crude Drugs

 

Synonym	Biological Source	Chemical constituent	Uses	Adulterants/ Allied Species	Substituent’s
Digitalis, foxgloves	Digitalis purpurea Plantaginaceae	cardiac glycosides \ antiarrhythmic agent atrial fibrillation\ digitoxin or digoxin Digoxigenin (DIG) is a steroid found exclusively in the flowers and leaves of the plants Digitalis purpurea and Digitalis lanata. It is used as a molecular probe to detect DNA or RNA. It can easily be attached to nucleotides by chemical modifications. DIG molecules are often linked to uridine nucleotides; DIG labelled uridine (DIG-U) can then be incorporated into RNA probes via in vitro transcription. Once hybridisation occurs in situ, RNA probes with the incorporated DIG-U can be detected with anti-DIG antibodies that are conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. To reveal the hybridised transcripts, alkaline phosphatase can be reacted with a chromogen to produce a color precipitate.	Digitalis works by inhibiting sodium-potassium ATPase. This results in an increased intracellular concentration of sodium ion and thus a decreased concentration gradient across the cell membrane. This increase in intracellular sodium activates a sodium/calcium exchange pump that brings calcium ions into the cell while extruding sodium to restore its gradient across the membrane. The increased cytosolic calcium ion concentration results in increased calcium ion storage in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Upon action potential (cardiac contraction) more calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and this gives a positive inotropic effect (higher contractility).	Verbascum Thapsus contains candelabra trichomes while digitalis contain multicellular uniseriate trichomes or grandular trichomes	Digitalis canariensis Digitalis cariensis Digitalis ciliata Digitalis davisiana Digitalis dubia Digitalis ferruginea Digitalis grandiflora Digitalis isabelliana Digitalis laevigata Digitalis lanata Digitalis leucophaea Digitalis lutea Digitalis mariana Digitalis micrantha Digitalis obscura Digitalis parviflora Digitalis purpurea Digitalis sceptrum Digitalis thapsi Digitalis trojana Digitalis viridiflora
		Digitalis also has a vagal effect on the parasympathetic nervous system, and as such is used in reentrant cardiac arrhythmias and to slow the ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation. The dependence on the vagal effect means that digitalis is not effective when a patient has a high sympathetic nervous system drive, which is the case with acutely ill persons, and also during  exercise.
Arjuna  bark, arjun.	Terminalia arjuna Arjuna consists of the dried stem bark of the plant known as Terminalia arjuna Rob, belonging to family Combretaceae.	·         Tannins: A type of polyphenol that is found in the bark of the Terminalia arjuna tree          Flavonoids: A type of polyphenol that is found in the bark of the Terminalia arjuna tree         Triterpenoid saponins: A type of chemical found in the bark of the Terminalia arjuna tree          Gallic acid: A bioactive constituent found in the Terminalia arjuna tree           Ellagic acid: A bioactive constituent found in the Terminalia arjuna tree          Phytosterols: A bioactive constituent found in the Terminalia arjuna tree          Minerals: Such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper	Pacifies pitta and kapha Heart tonic, angina, hypertension          Cardiovascular disease: Terminalia arjuna is used to treat heart failure, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerosis           Blood diseases: Terminalia arjuna is used to treat anemia and blood diseases          Skin conditions: Terminalia arjuna is used to treat wounds, skin eruptions, and leucorrhea          Asthma: Terminalia arjuna is used to treat asthma          Ulcers: Terminalia arjuna is used to treat ulcers          Diabetes: Terminalia arjuna is used to treat diabetes    Side effects  Constipation, Headache, Abdominal discomfort, Body ache, Mild gastritis, Hepatotoxicity, and Hypothyroidism.